Valhalla Legends Archive

Member Forums => Yoni's Math Forum => Topic started by: Yoni on October 19, 2004, 12:35 AM

Title: A quick riddle in number theory
Post by: Yoni on October 19, 2004, 12:35 AM
This question appeared in a national mathematics olympiad a few years ago.
It was the easiest question on the test.

I remember that when I participated, I couldn't solve this one. But now I was looking through old papers, I found this question again, thought about it for 3 minutes - and solved it. :)

Here is the riddle in its original phrasing (translated to English).

"For which natural numbers n will the numbers n+1, n+11, n+111 all be prime?"

(Hint: The solution is quick and elegant.)

For anyone who's interested but can't solve it right away, please go ahead and post your comments/thoughts anyway. :)
Title: Re: A quick riddle in number theory
Post by: Mr. Neo on October 19, 2004, 06:43 AM
n=2
2+1=3, Prime.
2+11=13, Prime.
2+111=113, Prime.

That's the only one that I could find, perhaps I am missing a few.
Title: Re: A quick riddle in number theory
Post by: Meh on October 19, 2004, 01:14 PM
could N= any even number?
Title: Re: A quick riddle in number theory
Post by: UserLoser. on October 19, 2004, 03:21 PM
n=0
Title: Re: A quick riddle in number theory
Post by: Hitmen on October 19, 2004, 03:41 PM
Quote from: UserLoser on October 19, 2004, 03:21 PM
n=0
1 is not a prime number.
Title: Re: A quick riddle in number theory
Post by: Mr. Neo on October 19, 2004, 04:13 PM
Quote from: Meh on October 19, 2004, 01:14 PM
could N= any even number?

No, take 6 for an example.  6+1 is 7, which is a prime number.  11+6 is 17, which is also a prime number, but 111+6=117 which is not a prime number.
Title: Re: A quick riddle in number theory
Post by: K on October 19, 2004, 04:24 PM
Quote from: UserLoser on October 19, 2004, 03:21 PM
n=0

111 / 3 = 37.

Quote from: Meh on October 19, 2004, 01:14 PM
could N= any even number?

11 + 4 = 15.
15 / 3 = 5.
Title: Re: A quick riddle in number theory
Post by: Adron on October 19, 2004, 04:27 PM
Quick answer, check the first line for big clue...

Quote
n + 1, n + 2 + 3*3, n + 3*37

One of those will be divisible by three, so the only possibility is when that one is equal to three (since three itself is prime).

Title: Re: A quick riddle in number theory
Post by: iago on October 20, 2004, 01:13 PM
Incidentally, Natural numbers are 1+, Whole numbers are 0+, and Integers are positive or negative with no decimal (I forget how it's defined).
Title: Re: A quick riddle in number theory
Post by: TheMinistered on October 25, 2004, 09:42 PM
n=infinity
Title: Re: A quick riddle in number theory
Post by: Yoni on October 26, 2004, 02:57 AM
Quote from: TheMinistered on October 25, 2004, 09:42 PM
n=infinity
Hmmmmmmmmmmmmm, no.

(Adron's post is the answer, read it for a spoiler)
Title: Re: A quick riddle in number theory
Post by: Slaughter on December 04, 2004, 12:52 PM
Yoni, I recently returned to the forums, sorry about this belated post - I understand the answer, but not how you came to the conclusion.